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Feijoa Fruit


Feijoa fruit
[ Common Names:  Feijoa, Pineapple Guava, Guavasteen]




         Feijoa fruit is also an egg shaped fruit with a blue to olive green skin. The flesh inside is cream colored and encases a jelly like center. The texture is rough, close to that of a pear. The flesh tastes like a mixture of several other fruits, usually describe as pineapple, guava, and strawberry. Some people report a taste similar to that of a quince or lemon. Feijoa is native to South America, but is now commercially grown in New Zealand and California. It is also commonly called a pineapple guava.

          The skin of the fruit is blue to olive green in colour with a waxy feel to it. The shape of the fruit varies from almost round to elongated pear shape and is about five to ten centimeters (2 to 4") long. It has an unusual flavour, having a bitter sweet taste that can best be described as tasting like a tropical fruit salad.  Feijoas do not dramatically change colour when they ripen. They simply turn a slightly lighter shade of green. 
          The waxy skin is dull blue-green to blue or grayish green, sometimes with a red or orange blush. Skin texture varies from smooth to rough. The fruit emits a strong long-lasting perfume, even before it is fully ripe. The thick, white, granular, watery flesh and the translucent central pulp enclosing the seeds are sweet or sub-acid, suggesting a combination of pineapple and guava or pineapple and strawberry. There are usually     20 - 40, occasionally more, very small, oblong seeds hardly noticeable when the fruit is eaten.

          It has a sweet, aromatic flavour. The flesh is juicy. The fruit drops when ripe, but can be picked from the tree before to prevent bruising. Feijoa fruit have a distinctive smell. The ester methyl benzoate smells strongly of feijoas and the aroma of the fruit is caused mostly by this and other closely related esters. The tiny edible seeds are embedded in a jellylike center.
          The fruit is usually eaten by cutting it in half, then scooping out the pulp with a spoon. The fruits have a juicy sweet seed pulp, and slightly gritty flesh nearer the skin. The flavour is aromatic and sweet.

TREE
          The feijoa is a slow-growing evergreen shrub that can reach 15 ft. high and 15 ft. wide. The bark is pale gray and the spreading branches are swollen at the nodes and white-hairy when young. In addition to the fruit it provides, the shrub also doubles handsomely as a landscape specimen. When planted close together, the shrubs make a nice hedge, screen, or windbreak. Feijoas can also be espaliered or trained as a small tree (20 to 25 ft. tall) with one or more trunks. The wood is dense, hard, and brittle.
          The evergreen, thick, leathery leaves of the feijoa are opposite, short-petioled and bluntly elliptical. In size they range from 1 to 2-1/2 inches long and 1 inch wide. The leaves are smooth soft green on top and silvery underneath, flashing nicely in a gentle breeze.

          The 1 inch showy, bisexual flowers, borne singly or in a cluster, have long, bright red stamens topped with large grains of yellow pollen. Each flower contains four to six fleshy flower petals that are white tinged with purple on the inside. These petals are mildly sweet and edible and can make a refreshing addition to spring salads. Birds eating the petals pollinate the flower.

          Feijoa pollen is transferred by birds that are attracted to and eat the flowers, but bees are the chief pollinators. Most flowers pollinated with compatible pollen show 60 to 90% fruit set. Hand pollination is nearly 100% effective. Flowers in time for Christmas and fruits April - May onwards depending on variety and climate.
          The feijoa is generally grown from seed and reproduces fairly, but not absolutely, true to type. Seeds are separated by squeezing the seedy pulp into a container, covering with water, and letting the liquid stand for 4 days to ferment. Seeds are then strained out and dried before sowing. The seeds will retain viability for a year or more if kept dry. Germination takes place in 3 weeks. The young plants are transplanted to pots when they have produced their second leaves and later transferred to the field without difficulty. The plant fruits in 3 to 5 years from seed. To reproduce a special selection, vegetative propagation is, of course, necessary. In some countries ground-layering is practiced and rooting occurs in 6 months. Air-layering is usually successful and the layers will fruit the second year.

          Feijoas will grow in a wide variety of soils. The best harvests, however, come from plants growing in well-drained soil with a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. They are fairly salt tolerant, but salinity slows growth and reduces yields.
          Pruning is not required to keep plants productive, but a light pruning in the summer after fruit is harvested will encourage new growth and increase yields the following year. Thinning the plant also permits easier harvesting. When grown as a hedge, the feijoa responds well to heavy pruning or shearing, but this reduces flower and fruit production.

       The health benefits of feijoa include promote healthy bowel function due to the high levels of thread. Feijoa are among the most highly alkaline foods, making them useful in balancing the pH of the body. They are a good source of potassium, it is very important in helping to regulate blood pressure.


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